TRADITIONAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS IN LOMBOK

The music is known throughout human civilization. Sounds are arranged in such a way which contain rhythm, song, and harmony. The music is a unique phenomenon produced by some music tools. Lombok island community is also knows some of traditional music which became hallmark and traditional culture of sasak tribe . The following are the tools of music that developed on the island of Lombok.

GENGGONG

Genggong included music  instruments made of branches and leaves enau. Etymologically genggong word comes from the word ”geng” (high voice) is called genggong lnang, and “geng” (low voice) called wadon, so genggong music always played in pairs. Genggong music orchestra can be played with other music devices by simultaneously such as flutes, rincik, petuq, etc.

MANDOLIN

Mandolin is a traditional music instrument which are played by plucked and played as violin to accompaniment rudat dance and traditional songs of sasak. Same as genggong it  was also combined with other music instruments by simultaneously or played alone.

REBANA BURDAH

A musical tool form which are combine of Middle East culture with sasak ethnic. Tambourine burdah combined with poems of praise to Allah and Prophet Muhammad which are quoted from the book of Arabic literature “Al-Barzanzi”

BARONG TENGKOK

Barong Tengkok is one kind of Lombok orchestra, consisting six pairs of kerenceng, one gendak and a gendak petuk. Barong lanang or wadon with function for reong place and three flutes as bearers of the melody. Called barong tengkok because one of instruments (reong) is placed on a barong which carried by tengkokan.

GULE GENDING

A typical music tool on Lombok is tuned by hand. Called gula gending because this tool is used to peddle a kind of food made from white sugar. Tool music is used for attract prospective buyers. Once the tool music is composed of tengkok and rincik and in its development coupled with a mandolin, drums and flutes.

REBANA GENDING

Tambourine gending is a form of music orchestra instrument that was developing result of art creation from rebana five octave by amaq sarah in 1956.

GENDANG BELEQ

Called gendang beleq because it’s musical instrument are drums. This orchestra consist from gendang mama (male) and gendang nine(female). Both functions are to take dynamics.

Formerly a gendang beleq played at Royal parties, when it’s used on battlefields serve as commanders for sending commands. Whereas copek became soldiers. If the datu (King) fought, so the great sculptures will be used. Now this umbrella function is emulated in the wedding ceremony. This means the music can be played by walking or sitting. Playing this music tools by walking having rules, and if sitting there’s no rules.

CILOKAQ

Cilokaq name taken from the name of one names of title song which had much cache at the time. There ' s an opinion said that cilokaq derived from the word seloka. Cilokaq is an orchestra that serves as an amusement in the event of marriage, national days and traditional ceremonies. Besides an instrument of music, also can be used as an encourager at the time of residents mutual cooperation.

The following are Cilokaq music tools:

• stringed instrument are two pieces of a violin mono-functional as a carrier of melody. Psaltery made from the wood and bark of a goat. Its shape resembling a guitar and on the part of its stomach is nothing.
• Strings consisting of four tones which in every single note owned by a single string.Brass, flute and pererat are a music tools that serves as a carrier of melody.
• beat musical instrument consisting of three drum which of each tools serves as a carrier of rhythm, the bearer of dynamics and the tempo, also used as gong. and rerincik used as a rhythmical tool.

Cilokaq in sakra currently was continuation of cilokaq who was born in the village of “lingkok kali”. On years 1968 and cilokaq known after received guidance from keroncong musician named “Lalu sinarep”. He’s tried to input keroncong techniques and other songs of cilokaq. Now music cilokaq have been recorded and merchantable on Lombok Island and in other areas. The tunes played by generally called kayaq.

Kayaq is the arts which are very popular among rural communities on Lombok. Usually people rural intone while plant or cut rice on field. Kayaq at the time of cutting rice on field called kayaq mataq. Kayaq mataq consisting of four lines which are new development. Kayaq contains advices, romance; or other expression of the soul. The name of kayaq also was given according to birth place. For example, like kayaq padamara, this kayaq is derived from the village of pademara-east of lombok.

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GENDANG BELEQ (THE BIG DRUM)

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If you are traveling to Lombok at any time, you may unintentionally be able to witness this instrument on Lombok island streets. Musical instruments of Gendang beleq are quite popular on the island of Lombok and is a tradition of community sasak culture.This art is typically used at the time of the event like Nyongkolan that are part of Sasak tribe wedding tradition.

Gendang beleq is a elliptic shaped musical instrument like a drum. And it’s made of from Meranti trees (shorea) that quiver and perforated on both sides. Then covered by Buffalo or cow skin. This drum if struck would have sound dang ...dang or dung.dung… which are can add excitement and change the atmosphere to be festive. Gendang beleq musical instrument also comes with gong, terumpang, pencek, the oncer, and flutes. When played at a glance would sound irregular and crowded.

In yore Gendang beleq are music encouragement for soldiers in battlefield. Because Gendang Beleq generate great sound, echoed and was impressed. as we can see in the movie European war. There was  musical instrument like Drums to encouragement knights on the battlefield.

Gendang Beleq Nowday

The time for war has passed but did not close the possibility of this musical instrument were used again in battlefield. Nowdays Gendang beleq musics are currently being utilized as a counterpoint to the more traditional ceremony such as merarik (wedding), ngurisang (baby hair cut), ngitanang or cut loloq (circumcision), also begawe beleq (ceremonial). Gendang beleq performed also for the sheer entertainment as festival, anniversary events, and birthdays of the province. The audience will usually stand waiting at the roadside if hearing this music tools. as if society understands that a great event was held and enliven the atmosphere more merrier.

The Instruments Of Gendang Beleq

musical instruments in a traditional art like Gendang beleq is something that cannot be separated from one to another. Each tools complement one to another. Creating the harmony of sound and rhythm. Musical instrument in traditional music Gendang beleq are:

1 Gendang or Big Drums

These instrument has Cylinder-shaped with a large hole at its Center, made of wood and covered by a skin of a cow or a goat that has been tanned. This drum is played by struck with two hands on both sides. This drum is played by two people or two sukaha and the drum most major tools in the traditional art of Gendang beleq.

2 Terumpang

Big bowl-shaped one side there are the small roundabout in the form of lumps. Terumpang is made of brass and is played by one sukaha by struck on both hands.

3 Gong

In the shape of a roundabout in the Middle has a circle around it again and right at the roundabout if struck would produce buzzing sounds. Gong was carried by two people, one as a hitter and one as bearers because of this Gong is hefty weight. In Gendang Beleq traditional art there are two gong's so personnel totalled are 4 people and Gong made of brass.

4 Kenceng

Kenceng Shaped like a small disc which has a handle. It’s voice is made up of two pairs, each person holding a pair. It’s voice was played by 14 persons and played by beaten.

5 Suling Bambu or Bamboo Flute

Made of bamboo and was given a hole in order to produce a melodious sound. Flute played by a sukaha with blown.

6 Oncer

Shaped like a small gong and played by one person. Made of brass or bronze and is played by being struck.

7 Pencek

Shaped like kenceng but the shape are smalls and placed on a Board that hung around his neck. The amount of the maximum on the Board pencek eight pieces and played by one men.

C. Songs In Traditional Art of Gendang Beleq

The usual songs performed on traditionanl art of Gendang beleq are songs from the indigenous of sasak which are part of tembang sasak. As for the usual songs performed are:

- Maiq Angande

- Gelung Perade

- Buaq Ate

- Pedalaman

- Kadal nongaq

- Barong

- Angin Alus

- Buaq odaq

- Sendang Pangan

So the Gendang beleq is a typical tradition from lombok. Where these music art is also used to entertainment and channeling the talents of the youth and became a place for kinship.

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WEDDING TRADITION STAGES ON LOMBOK ISLAND

Basically weddings in East Lombok are the same as other parts of Lombok. Marriage preceded by the abduction of a bride by groom. Of course, with the agreement and approval of a bride itself. Married in Sasak tribe are called “ Mararik “.Who had been abducted, a bride stay for several days in the home or family of his bride man. Here is the procedure of marriage:

Merangkat

Merangkat is a dinner for both of couple as the beginning of a marriage process in shashak tribe. This event performed on the first night prospective brides woman comes in gubug or Prospective brides men village. Prospective brides eat together accompanied by one person of old woman or one of the family near of grooms ( erst called inaq umbaq ). Said merangkat because food is served uses a single receptacle containing that contains one free-range chicken eggs, a dish of rice, a tail complete with grill roasted chicken with spice.

Mesejati

Sejati is true or truth. Sejati is a process of information addressed to the village government ( village of origin prospective brides woman ) to tell the village chief ( pengamong krame ) later on continued the information head of hamlet or keliang ( pengemban krame / figure customary ).

Information content Sejati that spoken by chief village is: “ There are one of the villagers is named … son/daughter … from village …, that (villagers/prospective bride women) have left this village three days ago with the intention of marrying with the residents of the village ….”.

Selabar

Notify to prospective bride woman who followed by the habitual and tradition including talks ' Aji Krama ( price customary ) ' consisting of value 33-66-100 with a base judgment money ' kepeng tepong ( coins of ancient perforated ) ' or ' kepeng jamaq (modern money) ',  even sometimes this selabar is  plus with the demand for caregivers, too.

Nuntut Wali atau Get hymeneal guardian

Take the bride guardian,  can be directly performed when selabar or days after selabar. It all depends on agreement of both parties. ' Wali ' this means a witness of marriage from women family.

Rebaq Pucuk or Bait Janji

It means asking the propriety or reasonableness to be charged. This process is a form of process to take the results of the deliberation of the bride's family financial circumstances. This can be carried out any time , After the bride and groom are ready, it has a special because talk about financially. Rebaq Pucuk, Bait Janji, nunas panutan is held by the bride boy who has ready responsible for the signing of the decision.

Sedawuh

Sedawuh comes from the word Dawuh which means command. Sedawuh done 7 days prior to the event. Sedawuh-process is implemented by the groom's Party by sending 1 or 2 people to inform about the development or readiness to undergo custom event/custom work and most major thing spoken of is about the Ordinance today (H) that the event day/gawe, custom emblem of aji krame or rule out of aji krame and penyongkolan system and finally third item of custom event has not changed.

Sorong Serah

Sorong it means a motivation and serah means handover. So sorong serah it means an impulse to the parents of a bride to handover or release their son to live in settling down, so that both the bride not attached to their parents anymore. In this the process is readily apparent that the process of the handover of responsibility both parents. This process is the top trial customary marriage to a tribe of shashak, because at this process must be attended by elders, the penglingsir, the village chief from both of bride. the process of hearing customary was highlighted that the two bride declared valid be conjugal and watched by all the guests.

Nyongkolan

Usually done after or a few days after the wedding ceremony, or even on the same day, the men accompanied the bride's family came to visit the family of the woman who accompanied by relatives and extended family, neighbors and friends of the bride with the use of traditional attire or Gendang Beleq(The Big Drums). “ In the long line of procession, which is so crowded and resembles a Carnival.

 Bales Lampak Nae

This is a tradition at the end of the marriage ceremony the Sasak in Lombok. the parents of the groom will visited house of woman families a day after nyongkolan with to improve hospitality between both families.

That's how the stages of marriage customs in sasak culture. If there are errors please correction.

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PRESEAN - LOMBOK STICK FIGHTING

Travelling to the island lombok feels incomplete without wacthing Lombok traditional games. A cultural tradition of Lombok people which are symbol virility for youth of sasak tribe in Lombok islands. The fighting of two man armed by rattan canes called penyalin. using shield from buffalo hard skin Being and shaped like a rectangle called ende. A natural skill that regenerated by Lombok society as popular game.

(Photo : KukuhSaputro99.blogspot.com)

Preparation before presean

Preparations by before playing a pepadu a bath at the junction of two rivers meeting times. The process of filling this science called “ bejariq” it’s mean entering a magical powers into the body. Before leaving to fight, pepadu/fighters place will be cleaned the shoulders by his mother with a broom made of kroman or stem of rice. Some restrictions and cause of defeat is believed by pepadu, for example are out to compete when there is a death in the village, dream shower, has a wife, see genitals and breasts of women, met the cleft or the blind.

Presean is also used in the ceremony “ nede” or also called “ngayu-ngayu”, Which aims to call rain. The ceremony was held during the dry season, led by a spiritual figure in the tradition of the sasak called “Mangku”. Master of ceremonies do sacrificial animals with one form of woven, goat or cow as a symbol of sacrifice for god. Participants were invited to the ceremony with a prayer asking that the nature of the rain for them to succeed in farming. The ceremony followed by eating together around spring with special dish arranged in a container named” dulang tinggang “. Container is made of a sheet wood having foot shaped pillars. In a container arranged neat food and fruit.

The Games Arena

Presean broad arena adapted by audience capacity. For games arena takes 12 to 30 m2  limit mark only by  gathered audience lines. Generally arena form in square or rectangles.

Fighter Class

Usually played by at least three pairs of fighters. peresean Fighter class divided into three : teenagers class, adult and  pepadu. In youth class youth called “ beginners “ or “ berajah / ngurukan “ adult class that usually called “ jambu beneq “ or finding candidates pepadu/fighters.

Fighter Equipment

Fighting sticks are made from rattan wood with diameter among 2 cm to 2,5 cm and length 110 cm. Wood rattan this paired with the criteria of the same length and equally strong. For once implementation usually implementer set about 10-15 pairs. Such rattan-cane peresean formed by winding of threads mattress at the base medium to end so that no lubricous and give effect to the punch.
 “ ende“ or shield made of wood and bamboo frame covered with deer skin or cow skin. The size of a shield usually 40 x 60 cm. Among back provided instrument holders of wood to ease in hoisting and driven.

(Photo : fathurvbf.wordpress.com)

Judging

The referee and pekembar is the official in this game. Referee assigned to lead the fight and prescribes rules game and give decision to lose and win. While pekembar is referee assistant to find a rival inter-fighter.

Rules

The fighter is said to win if one of the fighters suffered bleeding from his head. blood flow was, if only hurt are not yet to be lost. If no one was hurt among them called “penyampihan” or balanced.
That interesting when one of the presean fighter have caned on head and bieeding/”bocor”, then the audience will cry out “aiq, Aiq, aiq “ which means “ water, water, water”.  That shouting was significantly reduced immediately by the Creator into the earth.

The referee can stop the game, if:
1. the condition of one player is already looking very weak.
2. If presean fighter equipment separate for three times.
3. One of the players surrender called “nge cop”
4. Refree will the referee will rest players if presean Player clothes separate and given the time to put it back.

The game will be longer for regular classes, while for pepadu class 3 rounds 5 rounds, each round about 3 to 5 minutes.

Time For Presean

peresean activities in lombok are usually associated with tradition activities. For example: ruwatan, idependence anniversary and tourism. The event organsers can be group or cultural center, this committee ws formed by government and initiative of community. Now these traditional games event widely supported by various sponsors from tobacco company, motorcycles dealers and the celluler phone dealers. Time is generally lower when the second harvest between August-October and last for 10-14 days.

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