TRADITIONAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS IN LOMBOK

The music is known throughout human civilization. Sounds are arranged in such a way which contain rhythm, song, and harmony. The music is a unique phenomenon produced by some music tools. Lombok island community is also knows some of traditional music which became hallmark and traditional culture of sasak tribe . The following are the tools of music that developed on the island of Lombok.

GENGGONG

Genggong included music  instruments made of branches and leaves enau. Etymologically genggong word comes from the word ”geng” (high voice) is called genggong lnang, and “geng” (low voice) called wadon, so genggong music always played in pairs. Genggong music orchestra can be played with other music devices by simultaneously such as flutes, rincik, petuq, etc.

MANDOLIN

Mandolin is a traditional music instrument which are played by plucked and played as violin to accompaniment rudat dance and traditional songs of sasak. Same as genggong it  was also combined with other music instruments by simultaneously or played alone.

REBANA BURDAH

A musical tool form which are combine of Middle East culture with sasak ethnic. Tambourine burdah combined with poems of praise to Allah and Prophet Muhammad which are quoted from the book of Arabic literature “Al-Barzanzi”

BARONG TENGKOK

Barong Tengkok is one kind of Lombok orchestra, consisting six pairs of kerenceng, one gendak and a gendak petuk. Barong lanang or wadon with function for reong place and three flutes as bearers of the melody. Called barong tengkok because one of instruments (reong) is placed on a barong which carried by tengkokan.

GULE GENDING

A typical music tool on Lombok is tuned by hand. Called gula gending because this tool is used to peddle a kind of food made from white sugar. Tool music is used for attract prospective buyers. Once the tool music is composed of tengkok and rincik and in its development coupled with a mandolin, drums and flutes.

REBANA GENDING

Tambourine gending is a form of music orchestra instrument that was developing result of art creation from rebana five octave by amaq sarah in 1956.

GENDANG BELEQ

Called gendang beleq because it’s musical instrument are drums. This orchestra consist from gendang mama (male) and gendang nine(female). Both functions are to take dynamics.

Formerly a gendang beleq played at Royal parties, when it’s used on battlefields serve as commanders for sending commands. Whereas copek became soldiers. If the datu (King) fought, so the great sculptures will be used. Now this umbrella function is emulated in the wedding ceremony. This means the music can be played by walking or sitting. Playing this music tools by walking having rules, and if sitting there’s no rules.

CILOKAQ

Cilokaq name taken from the name of one names of title song which had much cache at the time. There ' s an opinion said that cilokaq derived from the word seloka. Cilokaq is an orchestra that serves as an amusement in the event of marriage, national days and traditional ceremonies. Besides an instrument of music, also can be used as an encourager at the time of residents mutual cooperation.

The following are Cilokaq music tools:

• stringed instrument are two pieces of a violin mono-functional as a carrier of melody. Psaltery made from the wood and bark of a goat. Its shape resembling a guitar and on the part of its stomach is nothing.
• Strings consisting of four tones which in every single note owned by a single string.Brass, flute and pererat are a music tools that serves as a carrier of melody.
• beat musical instrument consisting of three drum which of each tools serves as a carrier of rhythm, the bearer of dynamics and the tempo, also used as gong. and rerincik used as a rhythmical tool.

Cilokaq in sakra currently was continuation of cilokaq who was born in the village of “lingkok kali”. On years 1968 and cilokaq known after received guidance from keroncong musician named “Lalu sinarep”. He’s tried to input keroncong techniques and other songs of cilokaq. Now music cilokaq have been recorded and merchantable on Lombok Island and in other areas. The tunes played by generally called kayaq.

Kayaq is the arts which are very popular among rural communities on Lombok. Usually people rural intone while plant or cut rice on field. Kayaq at the time of cutting rice on field called kayaq mataq. Kayaq mataq consisting of four lines which are new development. Kayaq contains advices, romance; or other expression of the soul. The name of kayaq also was given according to birth place. For example, like kayaq padamara, this kayaq is derived from the village of pademara-east of lombok.

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GENDANG BELEQ (THE BIG DRUM)

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If you are traveling to Lombok at any time, you may unintentionally be able to witness this instrument on Lombok island streets. Musical instruments of Gendang beleq are quite popular on the island of Lombok and is a tradition of community sasak culture.This art is typically used at the time of the event like Nyongkolan that are part of Sasak tribe wedding tradition.

Gendang beleq is a elliptic shaped musical instrument like a drum. And it’s made of from Meranti trees (shorea) that quiver and perforated on both sides. Then covered by Buffalo or cow skin. This drum if struck would have sound dang ...dang or dung.dung… which are can add excitement and change the atmosphere to be festive. Gendang beleq musical instrument also comes with gong, terumpang, pencek, the oncer, and flutes. When played at a glance would sound irregular and crowded.

In yore Gendang beleq are music encouragement for soldiers in battlefield. Because Gendang Beleq generate great sound, echoed and was impressed. as we can see in the movie European war. There was  musical instrument like Drums to encouragement knights on the battlefield.

Gendang Beleq Nowday

The time for war has passed but did not close the possibility of this musical instrument were used again in battlefield. Nowdays Gendang beleq musics are currently being utilized as a counterpoint to the more traditional ceremony such as merarik (wedding), ngurisang (baby hair cut), ngitanang or cut loloq (circumcision), also begawe beleq (ceremonial). Gendang beleq performed also for the sheer entertainment as festival, anniversary events, and birthdays of the province. The audience will usually stand waiting at the roadside if hearing this music tools. as if society understands that a great event was held and enliven the atmosphere more merrier.

The Instruments Of Gendang Beleq

musical instruments in a traditional art like Gendang beleq is something that cannot be separated from one to another. Each tools complement one to another. Creating the harmony of sound and rhythm. Musical instrument in traditional music Gendang beleq are:

1 Gendang or Big Drums

These instrument has Cylinder-shaped with a large hole at its Center, made of wood and covered by a skin of a cow or a goat that has been tanned. This drum is played by struck with two hands on both sides. This drum is played by two people or two sukaha and the drum most major tools in the traditional art of Gendang beleq.

2 Terumpang

Big bowl-shaped one side there are the small roundabout in the form of lumps. Terumpang is made of brass and is played by one sukaha by struck on both hands.

3 Gong

In the shape of a roundabout in the Middle has a circle around it again and right at the roundabout if struck would produce buzzing sounds. Gong was carried by two people, one as a hitter and one as bearers because of this Gong is hefty weight. In Gendang Beleq traditional art there are two gong's so personnel totalled are 4 people and Gong made of brass.

4 Kenceng

Kenceng Shaped like a small disc which has a handle. It’s voice is made up of two pairs, each person holding a pair. It’s voice was played by 14 persons and played by beaten.

5 Suling Bambu or Bamboo Flute

Made of bamboo and was given a hole in order to produce a melodious sound. Flute played by a sukaha with blown.

6 Oncer

Shaped like a small gong and played by one person. Made of brass or bronze and is played by being struck.

7 Pencek

Shaped like kenceng but the shape are smalls and placed on a Board that hung around his neck. The amount of the maximum on the Board pencek eight pieces and played by one men.

C. Songs In Traditional Art of Gendang Beleq

The usual songs performed on traditionanl art of Gendang beleq are songs from the indigenous of sasak which are part of tembang sasak. As for the usual songs performed are:

- Maiq Angande

- Gelung Perade

- Buaq Ate

- Pedalaman

- Kadal nongaq

- Barong

- Angin Alus

- Buaq odaq

- Sendang Pangan

So the Gendang beleq is a typical tradition from lombok. Where these music art is also used to entertainment and channeling the talents of the youth and became a place for kinship.

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